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VOLKSWAGEN GOLF IVsince 1997 of releaseRepair and car operation |
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Foltsvagen Golf 4 + 1. Maintenance instruction + 2. Engine + 3. Cooling system + 4. Fuel system + 5. Exhaust system + 6. Ventilation and heating system + 7. Coupling + 8. Transmission + 9. Suspension brackets and power shafts + 10. Steering + 11. Wheels and tires + 12. Brake system + 13. Body - 14. Electric equipment and electroschemes 14.1. Filament lamps 14.2. Electric chains - 14.3. Detection of not closed chain 14.3.1. Detection of a rupture of a chain 14.3.2. Detection of a source of short circuit 14.3.3. Detection of bad grounding 14.4. Safety locks + 14.5. Accumulator + 14.6. Generator + 14.7. Starter 14.8. Replacement of bulbs of external lighting 14.9. Removal and installation of an additional signal of braking 14.10. Replacement of bulbs of internal lighting + 14.11. Devices of external lighting + 14.12. Adjustment of light of headlights 14.13. Removal and installation of a combination of devices 14.14. Removal and installation of switches of a steering column 14.15. Removal and installation of switches 14.16. Removal and radio receiver installation 14.17. Removal and installation of high-frequency loudspeakers 14.18. Removal and installation of low-frequency loudspeakers 14.19. Recommendations about phone installation 14.20. Aerial 14.21. Check of a heater of back glass + 14.22. Explanations to electric circuits + 14.23. Schemes of electric equipment of the VW Golf car since September, 1997. |
14.3. Detection of not closed chain
The usual electric chain consists of an electric element, switches, the relay, engines, safety locks, automatic switches, wires and sockets which connect an electric element to the accumulator and a body. For the help by search of sources of malfunction of system of electric equipment schemes of electric equipment of the car are provided in subsection 14.23. Before trying to define a malfunction source, study the corresponding scheme of electric equipment for receiving idea of the elements established in this chain. The circle of possible sources of malfunction can be narrowed if to check functioning of other elements entering into this chain. If some elements or chains fail at the same time, the problem, obviously, consists in a safety lock, the general for these chains or elements, or contact to a body. Electric problems are usually caused by the simple reasons, such, as the weakened or rusted sockets, absence of contact to a body, the fused safety locks, the melted burned-through crossing point or the faulty relay. Visually check a condition of all safety locks, wires and sockets in the failed chain before starting check of other elements. Use electric equipment schemes for definition of what of trailer clips are necessary for checking for detection of a source of malfunction. The main tools necessary for detection of a source of malfunction, the tester or the voltmeter (a bulb on 12 volts and pair of wires with щупами on the ends also can be used for carrying out some checks) are, an ohmmeter, the battery and a set of wires with щупами, a cap puncture, it is desirable with the automatic switch or a safety lock which is used for round of checked wires or elements. For detection of the reason of unreliable work any of elements (usually because of bad connection, pollution of contacts or the damaged isolation) it is possible to inspect stirring of wires. It is necessary to shake a wire by a hand to check, whether there is a malfunction at wire movement. Such method it is possible to narrow a circle of possible sources of malfunction to any wire. Along with problems because of bad connection of the wires, two main types of malfunctions can take place in electric equipment system – the opened chain or short circuit. Problems with the opened chain appear as a result of break in an electric equipment chain that interrupts current course. The opened chain will cause shutdown of an element of electric equipment. Problems with short circuit are caused by short circuit of a site of a chain that leads to leakage of a current from other chain, usually directly on a body. Short circuit is usually caused by a rupture of isolation of wires that allows a wire to concern other wire or any earthed element, for example, a body. Short circuit usually leads to a peregoraniye of the corresponding safety lock. |
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